EVALUATION OF GOMPHRENA CELOSIOIDES BRANCHES ON MECHANICAL AND THERMIC HYPERRALGESIA INDUCED BY INFLAMMATION

Resumo

certain population or
community. They are usually discovered by observing the habits of certain animals,
with a predominance of birds and mammals. Ethnopharmacology is a process of
importance because it contributes to scientific research, and the pharmaceutical
industry develops techniques and methodologies for discovering new drugs based
on the active principles of these plants (Bickick & Cox 1997). The discovery of new
pharmacological potentials from natural products is characterized as bioprospecting
that is conceptualized as an exploratory activity that seeks to identify component of
genetic heritage and information about associated traditional knowledge with
potential commercial use. Among the medicinal plants indicated through
ethnopharmacology, Gomphrena celusoides, which in Brazil is present in the
Cerrado (SIQUEIRA 1984; 1992), are noteworthy. Popularly known Perpétua Brava
popularly the plant is used for the treatment of various diseases related to liver,
dermatological, dysmenorrhea (SANGARE, M.M 2012). Studies carried out with
extracts of G. celosioides presented biological activities such as analgesic, diuretic,
antimicrobial, gastroprotection, antioxidant and immunomodulators (VIEIRA, 1994;
Ghonime . 2015; EKUNDAYOB, 2010). Besides these biological actions, chemical
compounds were also isolated as hydrocarbons, alcohol, steroids, terpenes,
flavonoids, saponins, amino acids were already isolated and described G.
celosioides, which would justify these pharmacological properties (MUHAMMAD,
2012). The inflammatory activity is a process that has the purpose of removing the
aggressive stimulus, initiating the repair presenting classic signs such as flushing,
heat, edema and pain, which may lead to functional decrease of the injured tissue
(Cruvinel et al., 2010). The response to a tissue injury process has its immediate
onset mediated by chemicals such as vasoactive amines and histamines, promoting
vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels to facilitate the process of
diapedesis, facilitating the passage of leukocytes to the site of injury and primary
combat for tissue recovery (Tornos et al, 1999). Objectives: The objective of this
study was to evaluate the action of G. celosiodes extract on mechanical
and thermal hyperalgesia induced by inflammation. Method: Three experimental
groups of male swiss mice (n = 6) were formed, a control group that received only
oral saline solution 0.9%, a group treated with ethanolic extract from the leaves of
G. celosioides and another group treated via subcutaneous administration with
dexamethasone (1 mg / kg). Each animal received 100 ?L of carrageenan (300 ?g)
injected intradermally into the right hind paw one hour after the treatments,
inducing edema (Winter et al., 1962). Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated using
the electronic von Frey test, increasing pressure method and cold allodynia with the
acetone drop test. Both experiments were evaluated three and four hours after
induction of inflammation. The experimental procedures performed in this study
were in agreement with the Ethical Directors in Animal Research and approved by
the Ethics Committee on Animal Experimentation at UFGD (01/2015). Results: After
3 hours of treatment with G. celosiodes, it was verified that at 1000mg / kg dose
100% reversed mechanical hyperalgesia compared to the control group, but did not
observe reduction in mechanical hyperalgesia at the dose of 700 mg/kg. Already at
the fourth hour G. celosioides at the dose of 1000 mg/Kg reversed in 44% the
mechanical hyperalgesia compared to the control group, and was not verified in the
dose of 700 mg / kg. In the test for allodynia evaluation after 3 hours, it was found
that the dose of 700 mg/kg reverted by 47% and the dose of 1000 mg/kg reverted
by 31%. In the fourth hour G. celosioides 700 mg/Kg reversed the cold allodynia in
41% and at the dose of 1000 mg/Kg reverted the cold allodynia in 58% compared to
the control group. For both the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia test induced
by inflammation, the reference drug dexamethasone was used. These results
evidenced that the ethanolic extract of G. celosiodes has great potential in the antiinflammatory
activity reducing processes of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in
the process of allodynia. Results: After 3 hours of treatment with G. celosiodes, it
was verified that at 1000mg / kg dose 100% reversed mechanical hyperalgesia
compared to the control group, but did not observe reduction in mechanical
hyperalgesia at the dose of 700 mg / kg. Already at the fourth hour G. Celosioides at
the dose of 1000mg / Kg reversed in 44% the mechanical hyperalgesia compared to
the control group, and was not verified in the dose of 700 mg / kg. In the test for
allodynia evaluation after 3 hours, it was found that the dose of 700 mg / kg
reverted by 47% and the dose of 1000 mg / kg reverted by 31%. In the fourth hour
G. celosioides 700mg / Kg reversed the cold allodynia in 41% and at the dose of
1000mg / Kg reverted the cold allodynia in 58% compared to the control group. For
both the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia test induced by inflammation, the
reference drug dexametazone was used. These results evidenced that the ethanolic
extract of Gomphrena celosiodes has great potential in the anti-inflammatory
activity reducing processes of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in the process
of allodynia. Conclusion: Together, the results demonstrated great potential in
reducing mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by inflammation. In this
context, further studies will be needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of
Gomphrena celusoides extract.